近年来，大量研究认为兴奋性氨基酸及其受体在许多疾病尤其是中枢神经系统疾病中起重要的作用。本文将着重阐述与谷氨酸及其受体相关的疾病，包括癫痫、缺氧缺血性脑病、椎体外系疾病、神经性疼痛、早老痴呆、获得性免疫缺陷综合征所致脑病等及其它中枢神经系统外的疾病。治疗其中一些顽固性疾病时，使用谷氨酸及其受体拮抗剂将起到积极作用。 In recent years, a large number of studies have suggested that excitatory amino acids and their receptors play an important role in many diseases, especially in the central nervous system. This article will focus on the glutamate and its receptor-related diseases, including epilepsy, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, extra-vertebral disease, neuropathic pain, Alzheimer’s disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-induced encephalopathy and so on Other diseases outside the central nervous system. The treatment of some of these intractable diseases, the use of glutamate and its receptor antagonists will play a positive role.