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为探求适合淮北平原机播夏玉米的最佳麦秸还田方式,在大田条件下,研究了麦秸全量还田方式(粉碎抛撒、灭茬覆盖、直接覆盖)对机播夏玉米出苗率、抗倒性能和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,粉碎抛撒处理的出苗率最高;灭茬覆盖处理的总倒伏率最低,而单株气生根数目,总根条数和根系干重最高,且其植株基部第3~7节间的直径、单位茎长干重和茎秆压碎强度、穿刺强度、抗倒指数、土壤含水率、产量及水分利用效率也高于粉碎抛撒和直接覆盖处理。灭茬覆盖和粉碎抛撒处理的产量和经济效益之间差异不显著,但均高于直接覆盖处理。因此,无论是从直接经济效益,还是长期的生态效益考虑,麦秸灭茬覆盖和粉碎抛撒覆盖都值得在生产中推广。
In order to find out the optimum straw returning method for summer maize in Huaibei Plain, the effects of straw returning in full field (smashing, stubble covering and direct covering) on seedling emergence rate and lodging resistance of maize And water use efficiency. The results showed that the seedling emergence rate was the highest; the total lodging rate of stubble covering was the lowest, while the number of aerial roots, total root number and root dry weight were the highest, and the diameter, The dry weight of stem and the crushing strength, puncture strength, pouring resistance index, soil water content, yield and water use efficiency of stem were also higher than those of crushing and throwing and direct covering. There was no significant difference between the yield and economic benefits of stubble mulching and smashing and throwing treatment, but both were higher than those of direct mulching. Therefore, both in terms of direct economic benefits and long-term ecological benefits, straw stubble coverage and crushing and scattering coverage are worth popularizing in production.