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用0.2%秋水仙碱处理花生属野生种A·stenosperma(2n=2x=20),获得同源四倍体即A·stenosperme(2n=4z=40)。观察同源四倍体M_1—M_3发现;同源四倍体植株的营养、生殖生长均比二倍体原种旺盛。表现为株高、分枝数具显著差异;叶柄长,叶片大而厚,气孔增大而数量减少;花粉粒大小不均匀,出现一些畸形花粉粒,因而萌发率降低,单株产量亦降低,空荚率增高。但荚果、种仁变大。随世代增长,空荚率有所降低,各性状表现趋于稳定。利用同源四倍体作父本与栽培种进行种间杂交,成功率极低。杂种F_1植株表现生长势极盛,超亲杂种优势明显。但结果率极低或不育,拟通过连续回交以获得稳定可育的异源四倍体。
A · stenosperma (2n = 2x = 20) was treated with 0.2% colchicine and the autotetraploid A · stenosperme (2n = 4z = 40) was obtained. Observation of autotetraploid M_1-M_3 found that the autotetraploid plants had more vegetative and reproductive growth than the diploid parent. There were significant differences in plant height and branch number. Petiole length was longer, leaves larger and thicker, and stomatal numbers increased while the number of stomata was larger. The size of pollen grains was uneven and some deformed pollen grains appeared. Therefore, the germination rate was reduced and the yield per plant was also decreased. Empty pod rate increased. But the pods, kernels become larger. With the increase of generations, the empty pod rate decreased and the traits of all traits tended to be stable. Using autotetraploid as male parent and cultivar for interspecific hybridization, the success rate is extremely low. Hybrid F1 plants showed extremely strong growth potential, super hybrid heterosis obvious. However, the result rate is very low or infertile, and it is proposed to obtain a stable and fertile allotetraploid through successive backcrosses.