论文部分内容阅读
1955年,美国首次应用了脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(IPV),1955～1961年共接种4亿多剂疫苗,使脊髓灰质炎的发病数从1954年的18,308例(11.4/10万)降至1961年的988例(0.5/10万)。1961年开始使用单价口服脊髓灰质炎活疫苗(OPV),1963年又广泛使用三价OPV,美国脊髓灰质炎发病率继续降低,IPV的使用量迅速减少到目前水平,即低于脊髓灰质炎疫苗总使用量的1%。目前,美国仅1家疫苗制造厂销售IPV,而且在过去的20年中,对现行产品的研究甚少。新近由制造商获得的资料证实,目前推荐的从2月龄开始接种4剂IPV的程序可在87～97%的1
The first polio inactivated vaccine (IPV) was introduced in the United States in 1955 and more than 400 million doses of vaccine were vaccinated between 1955 and 1961, bringing the incidence of poliomyelitis down from 18,308 cases (11.4 / 100,000) in 1954 988 cases in 1961 (0.5 / 100,000). The monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) was introduced in 1961 and the trivalent OPV was widely used in 1963. The incidence of poliomyelitis in the United States continued to decline, and the use of IPV rapidly decreased to the current level, which is lower than that of the poliomyelitis vaccine 1% of total usage At present, only one vaccine factory in the United States sells IPV, and in the past 20 years little research has been done on current products. Recent data obtained by the manufacturer confirm that the currently recommended procedure for inoculating 4 doses of IPV from 2 months of age is between 87 and 97% of 1