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法国在20世纪80-90年代从国家层面组织了一系列的大型科研计划,譬如国家空间技术发展计划、国家生物技术振兴计划、材料科技激励协作行动计划等。但近年来在做法上已有很大的不同。政府部门不再组织大规模科研计划,而是由主管科研的部门(现为研究与新技术部,以下简称研技部)或相关部门(工业部、卫生部、设备部、可持续发展部等)与国立科研机构、高等院校和地方政府签订为期4年的协议,明确它们的科研计划。政府的支持重点和协调作用则更多地体现在优秀科研团标组织本部门的科研计划。政府的支持重点和协调作用则更多地体现在优秀科研团队、技术平台和科研能力建设学科发展等主面。本文主要依据法国政府2003年民用研发经费预算法草案,介绍法国政府优先支持的研究领域和重点发展计划。从而使读者从中了解法国的科研发展方向,并对制订我国和中科院的科研发展计划有所启发和帮助。
In the 1980s and 1990s, France organized a series of large-scale scientific research programs at the national level, such as the National Space Technology Development Plan, the National Biotechnology Promotion Plan and the Materials Science and Technology Incentive Cooperative Action Plan. But in practice there has been a big difference in recent years. The government departments no longer organize large-scale scientific research programs, but the departments in charge of scientific research (now the Ministry of Research and New Technology, hereinafter referred to as the Ministry of Science and Technology) or the relevant departments (Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Equipment, Ministry of Sustainable Development, etc. ) Signed a four-year agreement with national research institutes, universities and local governments to clarify their research plans. The government's supportive focus and coordinating role are more reflected in the scientific research program organized by the Outstanding Scientific Research Standards Organization. The government's supportive focus and coordination role are more reflected in the main research fields such as excellent research team, technology platform and scientific research capacity-building discipline development. This article mainly based on the French government budget for civil R & D 2003 draft law, introduces the French government priority supported by the research areas and key development plans. This will allow readers to understand the direction of scientific research in France and to inspire and assist in formulating scientific research and development plans for China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.