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目的对镉观察对象停止镉作业后进行跟踪调查,探讨职业性镉接触与肾功能的变化规律。方法对深圳市某镍镉电池厂28名停止镉作业的镉观察对象跟踪观察5年,分析尿镉、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿视黄醇结合蛋白的变化规律。结果镉观察对象停止接触镉后,尿镉有所下降,但仍较高;尿β2-MG、尿视黄醇结合蛋白逐年下降。对各指标的差异进行分析发现,仅尿视黄醇结合蛋白的差异有统计学意义(P=0.007),其他2项指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论镉观察对象停止镉接触多年后,体内镉负荷仍保持较高水平,若接触镉作业者在停止镉作业时尚未出现肾功能指标异常,则停止镉作业后一般不会造成肾脏的进一步损害。
OBJECTIVE: To follow-up investigation of cadmium in cadmium-exposed subjects and to investigate the changes of occupational cadmium exposure and renal function. Methods A total of 28 cadmium patients who stopped cadmium in a nickel-cadmium battery factory in Shenzhen were followed up for 5 years. The changes of urine cadmium, urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and urinal retinal binding protein were analyzed. Results cadmium cadmium cadmium cadmium observed in contact with the object, the cadmium decreased, but still higher; urinary β2-MG, urinary retinol binding protein decreased year by year. The differences of each index were analyzed, only urinary retinol binding protein difference was statistically significant (P = 0.007), the other two indicators showed no significant difference (P> 0.05). Conclusions The cadmium load remains high after a few years of exposure to cadmium in cadmium subjects. If cadmium exposure did not appear to be abnormal in renal function when cadmium exposure was stopped, cadmium treatment would not cause further damage to the kidneys.