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目的掌握某市铅冶炼生产企业的职业危害状况,为控制职业病提供依据。方法对该企业的职业卫生基本情况、生产作业环境及作业工人的健康情况进行全面调查。结果该企业生产环境中存在铅尘、铅烟、气温、气湿、气压等职业危害因素。其中生产作业场所各工种铅尘最高点浓度超过国家卫生标准22倍,铅烟最高点浓度超过国家卫生标准63倍。尿铅测定值高于正常成人参考值上限者41人,占受检人数的20.2%;检出铅中毒观察对象12例。结论该企业生产作业环境卫生状况不容乐观,铅尘、铅烟是铅冶炼生产企业生产作业环境的主要职业危害因素,危害性强,建议企业应加强职业病防护措施,降低职业危害。
Objective To understand the occupational hazards of lead smelting manufacturing enterprises in a certain city and provide basis for controlling occupational diseases. Methods A comprehensive survey was conducted on the basic situation of occupational health in this enterprise, the production operation environment and the health of workers. The results of the production environment exist lead dust, lead smoke, temperature, humidity, air pressure and other occupational hazards. Among them, the highest point concentration of lead dust in all kinds of workplaces in production sites exceeded 22 times the national health standard, and the highest point concentration of lead smoke exceeded the national health standard by 63 times. 41 cases of urinary lead were higher than the upper limit of normal adult reference value, accounting for 20.2% of the total number of subjects; 12 cases of lead poisoning were detected. Conclusion It is not optimistic about the environmental health status of production and operation of the enterprise. Lead dust and lead smoke are the major occupational hazards in the production environment of lead smelting enterprises. Therefore, it is suggested that enterprises should strengthen occupational disease prevention measures and reduce their occupational hazards.