正统问题是困扰中国人长达两千年之久的传统政治文化的一个核心观念,历来深受史家关注。秦汉以后,五德终始说成为历代王朝阐释其政权合法性的基本理论框架,顾颉刚先生的长文《五德终始说下的政治和历史》第一次全面揭示了五运说给秦汉政治史带来的深刻影响。魏晋南北朝时代,政治上的长期分裂以及异族的入主中原,对旧有的华夷秩序和正 Orthodoxy is a core concept that has plagued the Chinese for two thousand years of traditional political culture and has always been the focus of historians. After the Qin and Han dynasties, the beginning of the Five Virtues was said to be the basic theoretical framework for explaining the legitimacy of the regime in all dynasties. The first article by Gu Jiegang’s long article, "Politics and History, The profound impact of history. The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties era, political long-term division and the alien into the Central Plains, the existing order and