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各种现代西方国家职能理论,核心都是关于国家对于市场经济的一般能力和作用问题的讨论。它们对于国家的一般政治功能有共同的认识:即国家是市场经济及其社会的保障和工具,它保障所有人享有尽量广泛的自由平等权利。但是,它们对国家如何保障市场经济,保护公民个人自由权利,即国家在多大程度上干预市场经济的问题,却存在着重大分歧。1.理性主义国家职能说。早在1861年,J.S.密尔就指出,国家有两种职能:一是促进人民自身更富有美德和智慧,二是促进
Theories and functions of various modern western countries are at the core of discussions on the general ability and role of the state in market economy. They have a common understanding of the general political functions of the country: the state is the guarantee and instrument of the market economy and its society and it guarantees the widest possible freedom and equal rights for all. However, there are major differences between the two countries regarding how the country protects the market economy and protects the individual rights of citizens, namely, the extent to which the state intervenes in the market economy. 1. Rationalist state function. As early as 1861, J.S. Mill pointed out that the state has two functions: First, to promote the people themselves richer virtues and wisdom, the second is to promote