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视神经乳头肿瘤可以是原发的,也可来自邻近组织或由远处转移而来。原发性的肿瘤有血管瘤,如毛细血管瘤、海绵状血管瘤和葡萄状血管瘤、星形细胞瘤、黑色素细胞瘤和髓上皮瘤。此等肿瘤可以局限于视盘组织,也可波及视乳头邻近组织。髓上皮瘤大多来自睫状体,但偶尔可发生于视盘。从邻近组织侵犯视盘的肿瘤包括:来自视乳头旁视网膜的有视网膜母细胞瘤、葡萄膜黑色素瘤;来自邻近脉络膜的有转移性癌、视神经鞘膜脑膜瘤等。从身体其他部位扩散至视盘的有转移性癌和白血病。
Optic head tumors can be either primary or distant from adjacent tissue. Primary tumors have hemangiomas, such as capillary hemangiomas, cavernous hemangiomas and grapevine hemangiomas, astrocytoma, melanocytoma and myeloma. These tumors can be confined to the optic disc tissue, but also spread to adjacent tissues of the optic nerve. Most of myeloma comes from the ciliary body, but occasionally occurs in the optic disc. Tumors that invade the optic disc from neighboring tissues include retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma from the papillary retina, metastatic carcinoma from the adjacent choroid, optic nerve sheath meningioma, and the like. Metastatic cancer and leukemia spread from the rest of the body to the optic disc.