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采用3年田间定位试验,研究了秸秆还田与不同氮肥基追比例对半冬性小麦叶蘖发育动态、产量形成及其构成要素的影响。结果表明:在总氮量180kg/hm2条件下,与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田在一定程度上降低了平安7号的出苗,但提高了后期的穗粒数、灌浆速率,进而提高了千粒重和产量;不同氮肥运筹配比以氮肥7∶3处理产量最高,其次是5∶5处理,与其他处理间差异达到显著水平;成产三因素中成穗数相对稳定,而穗粒数和千粒重则易受环境的影响;与传统的种植模式相比,秸秆还田配合氮肥运筹基追比例7∶3处理或者5∶5处理对驻马店地区的小麦平安7号的增产效果显著。
A 3-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of straw incorporation and different ratios of nitrogenous fertilizer on leaf tiller development, yield formation and its components of semi-winter wheat. The results showed that straw returning to the field reduced the emergence of Ping 7 to a certain extent under the condition of total nitrogen amount of 180 kg / hm2, but increased the number of grains per spike and the filling rate at the later stage 1000-grain weight and yield were obtained. The yield of different N application rates was the highest with 7: 3 nitrogen fertilizer, followed by 5: 5 treatment, the difference with other treatments reached a significant level. Compared with the traditional cropping patterns, the straw returning to the field with nitrogenous fertilizer base ratio 7: 3 or 5: 5 significantly increased the yield of wheat Ping’an 7 in Zhumadian area.