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以周口店黄院采石场为研究区域,采用空间代替时间的观测方法,研究不同时间梯度植被群落恢复过程和土壤养分异质性变化,以期为矿山废弃地植被恢复和重建提供可借鉴的理论依据。结果表明:随着植被恢复年限的增加,群落物种更替频繁,灌木和乔木物种出现后,群落整体层次性增强;随着演替的正向进行,各时间梯度恢复植被与最终演替物种组成的相似性指数提高;从极度退化生态系统向平衡生态系统演变过程中,草本层和灌木层的丰富度指数R、Simpson多样性指数D、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H和Pielou均匀度指数J表现出数值先变大后变小的规律,受矿山废弃地困难立地的影响,乔木层物种数量和个体数目增长不明显;ANOVA方差分析和LSD最小显著差异统计方法研究显示,不同演替阶段导致土壤养分(有机质、全氮、速效钾)的差异性显著(P<0.01),除有效磷外,其他养分含量均随植被正向演替而增加。
Taking the Huangyuan quarry of Zhoukoudian as the research area, the method of spatial substitution time was used to study the process of vegetation restoration and the changes of soil nutrient heterogeneity in different time gradient vegetation so as to provide a theoretical basis for the revegetation and reconstruction of abandoned mines. The results showed that with the increase of vegetation restoration years, community species alternated frequently. After the emergence of shrubs and tree species, the whole hierarchy of the community increased. With the succession of the succession, the composition of each time gradient recovery vegetation and the final succession species The similarity index increased; from the extremely degraded ecosystem to the balanced ecosystem, the richness index R, Simpson diversity index D, Shannon-Wiener diversity index H and Pielou evenness index J of herb layer and shrub layer showed According to the law of ANOVA and least significant difference (LSD), the results showed that the soil nutrients were affected by different succession stages (Organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium) were significantly different (P <0.01). The content of other nutrients increased with the positive succession of vegetation except available phosphorus.