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[目的]创建黄早四抗玉米丝黑穗病近等基因系,为其在育种和生产中的广泛应用奠定基础。[方法]采用常规的杂交、回交、自交技术与分子标记辅助选择相结合,对黄早四进行了抗丝黑穗病的成功转育,并对其近等基因系进行研究,观察回交转育成的近等基因系的抗感变异及配合力变化特点。[结果]对照黄早四发病率46%,入选的25个抗病黄早四近等基因系发病率都小于10%,入选率为92.6%;多数抗病黄早四近等基因系与对照黄早四之间的配合力差异不显著,而M135、M140等几个自交系所配制的杂交种产量突出,超过对照郑单958,表现出较高的配合力。[结论]试验所得抗玉米丝!穗病黄早四近等基因系的表型和配合力都已经非常接近黄早四,而其抗玉米丝黑穗病能力大大提高,从而解决了黄早四不抗玉米丝黑穗病的难题。
[Objective] The research aimed to establish the near isogenic lines of Huangzao 4 resistant maize head smut and lay a foundation for its extensive application in breeding and production. [Method] With the combination of conventional hybridization, backcrossing and selfing techniques and molecular marker-assisted selection, Huangzao 4 was successfully transformed with resistance to head smut and its near-isogenic lines were studied. Variation in resistance to variation and combining ability of nearly isogenic lines with crossbreds. [Result] The incidence rate of control Huanglizao 46 was 46%, and the incidence rate of 25 isogenic Huangzaozai nearly isogenic lines were less than 10%, the selection rate was 92.6%. Most of the resistant lines Huangzaozai nearly isogenic lines were compared with the control There was no significant difference in the combining ability of Huangzao 4, but the hybrids produced by several inbred lines such as M135 and M140 were more prominent than those of Zhengdan 958 and showed higher combining ability. [Conclusion] The phenotypic and combining ability of the anti-maize silkworm Huangzao 4 near-isogenic lines had been very close to Huangzao 4, and its resistance to maize head smut was greatly improved, thus solving Huangzao Si Not resistant to maize smut problems.