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二十世纪五十年代,英国物理学家和思想家波兰尼首次提出知识应分为“显性知识”和“隐性知识”。“显性知识”就是指能通过教材、大众媒体进行传递的,能用语言、文字或符号等方式来表述的知识,如我们常说的书本知识。还有一种知识是不能通过语言、文字或符号等方式进行逻辑的系统表述,如有关自己行为的某种知识等,称其为“隐性知识”。在我们的生活和工作中,隐性知识和显性知识一样普遍存在,而且隐性知识从数量上说比显性知识更多。许多技能、方法、能力、交往、态度、体会、情感等方面的知识都是隐性知识,因此隐性知识又可称为“只能意会的知识”。
In the 1950s, Polanyi, an English physicist and thinker, first proposed that knowledge should be divided into “explicit knowledge” and “tacit knowledge”. “Dominant Knowledge ” refers to the knowledge that can be expressed through textbooks, the mass media and can be expressed in words, words or symbols, as we often say. There is also a kind of knowledge that can not be logically represented by language, words or symbols, such as some knowledge about one’s own behavior, which is called “tacit knowledge”. In our life and work, tacit knowledge is as ubiquitous as explicit knowledge, and tacit knowledge is quantitatively more dominant than explicit knowledge. Many skills, methods, abilities, relationships, attitudes, experiences, emotions and other aspects of knowledge are tacit knowledge, so tacit knowledge can be called “knowledge that can only be understood.”