造林包括在荒山荒地及其它无林地上进行人工造林以及在各种森林迹地(采伐迹地、火烧迹地等)上进行人工更新。此外,对已有的天然次生林及人工幼林用人工种植的方法进行低价值林分改造也可归入造林的范畴。一、人工林的种类用人工种植的方法营造的森林称为人工林。人工林因其主要营造目的的不同可分为不同种类(林种):用材林、特用经济林、防护林及卫生风景林等。在宅旁、村旁、路旁、水旁及一切间隙空地上零星或成行地栽植各种树木称为四旁植树,它在国民经济计划中的地位也相当于一个林种。培育用材林的主要目的是生产国家建设及人民生 Afforestation includes artificially reforestation on barren mountain wasteland and other non-forested land, as well as artificial regeneration on various forest land (deforested, burned-out sites, etc.). In addition, low-value forest reforestation of the existing methods of artificial planting of natural secondary forests and artificial young forests can also be classified as reforestation. First, the types of plantations Artificial planting methods to create the forest is called plantation. Plantations can be divided into different types (forest species) for their main purpose of construction: timber forest, special economic forest, shelter forest and hygienic forest. In the side of the house, next to the village, the roadside, near the water and all open spaces on a sporadic or in-line planting of various trees known as the four-sided tree planting, its status in the national economy plan is also equivalent to a forest species. The main objective of nurturing timber forests is to produce national construction and people’s livelihood