Purpose: To investigate the within 3 days effects of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on functional status of the central motor system in patients with carotid stenosis by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Patients and method: We studied 30 consecutive patients, 20 males and 10 females with a mean age of 69.2 ±7.1 years, who underwent CEA for symptomatic carotid stenosis. All patients had suffered an ischemic attack 6 months prior to the operation. Two TMS studies, one before and one shortly after CEA were performed on both sides in each of the patients. Resting motor threshold, motor evoked potentials (MEP) amplitude at rest, MEP latency at rest and during contraction and silent period duration (SPD) were recorded and analyzed. Two groups of data were collected. Group 1 consisted of data from the operated side in all 30 patients. Group 2 consisted of data from the contralateral side and served as a control. Results: Motor resting thresholds were similar in the two groups. Intragroup pre and post CEA comparisons showed no difference in the operated group and significant increased threshold after CEA on the non-operated side. There was no significant difference of TMS intensity for maximal MEP in either side before or after CEA. Latency at rest and during voluntary contraction and amplitude at rest showed no significant differences between or within groups’comparisons. In group 1 SPD showed a statistically significant increase after CEA as opposed to baseline. In group 2 SPD showed a non significant increase after CEA. Conclusion: In the absence of other MEP changes, our finding of prolonged SPD post-operativ-ely suggests preferential influence of the inhibitory cortical circuits. The potential favorable effect of CEA in patients with hyperexcitability such as disabling spasticity after stroke should be further studied. Purpose: To investigate the within 3 days effects of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on functional status of the central motor system in patients with carotid stenosis by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Patients and method: We studied 30 consecutive patients, 20 males Both TMS studies, one before and one shortly after CEA were performed on both Resting motor threshold, motor evoked potentials (MEP) amplitude at rest, MEP latency at rest and during contraction and silent period duration (SPD) were recorded and analyzed. Group 1 consisted of data from the operated side in all 30 patients. Group 2 consisted of data from the contralateral side and served as a control. Results: Motor resting thresholds were similar in the two groups. Intragroup pre and post CEA comparisons showed no difference in the operated group and significant increased threshold after CEA on the non-operated side. There was no significant difference of TMS intensity for maximal MEP in either side before or after CEA. Latency at rest and during Voluntary contraction and amplitude at rest showed no significant differences between or within groups’ comparisons. In group 1 SPD showed a significant significant increase after CEA as opposed to baseline. In group 2 SPD showed a non significant increase after CEA. Conclusion: In the absence of of other MEP changes, our finding of prolonged SPD post-operativ-ely suggests preferential influence of the inhibitory cortical circuits. The potential favorable effect of CEA in patients with hyperexcitability such as disabling spasticity after stroke should be further studied.