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本文第一部分论说公共记忆问题,探索其与媒体的关系,将公共记忆作为公共领域的一个部分加以讨论,突出其在或可称之为“文化创伤”的社会建构中的作用。文章的核心部分聚焦于一个典型个案:在意大利公共空间中流传(或不流传)的关于殖民往昔的种种说法。事实是二战后意大利人几乎全然忘却了他们的殖民史。但在近些年,这一段记忆开始以种种说法在不同的媒体上重新浮现。文章的结尾部分则分析以上种种对往昔的不同表述在道德和政治上的意义,着重突出所谓“自我批判的记忆”的特殊价值:这一系列对往昔的陈述表达在公共领域中流传,足以提高对殖民意识形态及其罪恶的认识。虽然公共领域中还有别样的、相互冲突的公共记忆在流传,但这一特定种类的记忆不同,它将有助于建构作为“文化创伤”的殖民记忆。
The first part of this paper deals with the issue of public memory, exploring its relationship with the media, discussing public memory as a part of the public sphere, and highlighting its role in social construction that may or may be called “cultural trauma.” The core of the article focuses on a typical case: the various accounts of colonial past that were circulating (or not circulating) in the Italian public space. The fact is that after World War II the Italians almost completely obliterated their colonial history. However, in recent years memories of this period have started to emerge in different media in various ways. At the end of the article, we analyze the above moral and political meanings of the various expressions of the past and emphasize the special value of the so-called “memory of self-criticism.” This series of past statements expresses in the public domain, Enough to raise awareness of colonial ideology and its evil. Although there are other public memories of conflict that are circulating in the public domain, this particular type of memory is different and will help to construct colonial memory as a “cultural trauma.”