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批量合同是随着国际海上货物运输业务的不断发展而产生的一种新型海上货物运输合同。《联合国全程或部分海上国际货物运输合同公约》(简称《鹿特丹规则》)首次将批量合同纳入其调整范围,但同时赋予了批量合同当事方在一定范围内背离公约强制性规定的自由。如何理解和认识批量合同,与其他类似的运输合同有何区别成为正确适用《鹿特丹规则》的关键。本文以《鹿特丹规则》的具体规定为基础,论述了批量合同的界定、法律属性、识别要素,并且把批量合同与其他类似运输合同进行了比较和分析,从而有助于更加清晰地理解批量合同。
The batch contract is a new kind of contract for the carriage of goods by sea with the continuous development of the international maritime cargo transportation business. The UN Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods by Sea or Part of the Sea (Rotterdam Rules for the first time) incorporates a volume contract into its scope of adjustment for the first time but at the same time gives the parties to the contract a certain range of freedom to depart from the mandatory provisions of the Convention. How to understand and recognize bulk contracts and what differentiates them from other similar contracts of carriage is the key to the proper application of the Rotterdam Rules. Based on the specific provisions of the Rotterdam Rules, this article discusses the definition of bulk contracts, legal attributes, identification elements, and compares and analyzes bulk contracts with other similar contracts of carriage, thus helping to understand more clearly batch contracts .