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利用与麦克斯韦流变学原理有关的球面地球模型,计算了与1994年6月9日玻利维亚地震有关的同震位移和震后位移。将这些结果与玻利维亚南部宽频带地震台网观测到的同震上升位移和预先做过的理论预测结果进行了比较。我们的求解方法最近已用于由大的岩石层地震引起地球形变的研究中。与纯粹的弹性地球模型相比,我们的方法还包括与地幔松弛有关的时间变化的影响。本文提供的结果表明:深源地震引起的地表形变被滞后的粘弹性地幔松弛明显地放大了。反映地幔松弛特征的时间尺度和地面观测数据的时间演变过程不仅依赖于上地幔的流变剖面,而且更依赖于粘弹性软流层的厚度。
The coseismic and post-earthquake displacements associated with the Bolivian earthquake of June 9, 1994 were calculated using the spherical earth model related to Maxwell's rheological theory. These results are compared with the observed up-and-coseismic displacements and the predicted theoretical predictions of the broadband seismic network in southern Bolivia. Our method of solution has recently been used in the study of earth deformation caused by large rock-layer earthquakes. Our method also includes the effects of temporal variations related to mantle relaxation compared to purely elastic earth models. The results presented in this paper show that surface deformation caused by deep-seated earthquakes is greatly magnified by lagging viscoelastic mantle relaxation. The temporal evolution of mantle relaxation characteristics and the temporal evolution of ground-based observations depend not only on the rheological profiles of the upper mantle but also on the thickness of the viscoelastic asthenosphere.