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在动式大气中毒室模拟居民燃煤炉发生烟气给大鼠和金黄地鼠吸入染毒3和1个月。设高浓度短时间,低浓度长时间染毒组和对照组。高浓度组染毒2周后金黄地鼠肺灌洗液中肺巨噬细胞(PMφ)数下降,生化指标和肺病理检查未见明显改变。另用燃煤产生的颗粒物经气管注入染毒,大鼠肺灌洗液PMφ数下降,中性白细胞数增加,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酸性磷酸酶(AGP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、白蛋白、N-乙酰神经氨酸(N—Acetylneuraminic acid,NA)增加。燃煤烟气吸入使大鼠碳氧血红蛋白(HbCO)增高,超过对健康不良反应的阈值。用兔观察HbCO消减情况,脱离接触后,HbCO消减迅速,半减期为1.27h。上述结果表明燃煤烟气通过吸入途径可使肺巨噬细胞的数量降低,但未引起肺组织损伤;由气管灌入的高剂量燃煤颗粒物可引起肺组织和PMφ的损伤。由于染毒方式和剂量的不同,燃煤烟气与颗粒物的毒性反应有明显差别。
Smoke inhalation in residential coal-fired stoves was simulated in ambulatory atmosphere poisoning rats and golden hamsters for 3 and 1 months. High concentrations of short-term, low-concentration long-term exposure groups and control groups. The number of pulmonary macrophages (PMφ) in the lung tissue of Hamster lungs in high concentration group was decreased after 2 weeks of exposure, and there was no significant change in the biochemical indexes and lung pathological examination. In addition, the particulate matter produced by coal combustion was injected through the trachea, the PMφ of rat lung lavage fluid decreased, the number of neutrophils increased, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (AGP), alkaline phosphatase ), Albumin and N-Acetylneuraminic acid (NA) increased. Inhaling of coal-fired fumes increased the level of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) in rats beyond the threshold for adverse health effects. Observed HbCO rabbit reduction with the rabbit, out of contact, HbCO rapidly reduced, half a period of 1.27h. The above results show that the number of lung macrophages can be reduced by inhalation of coal-fired flue gas without inducing lung tissue damage. The high dose of coal-fired particulates injected by the trachea can cause the damage of lung tissue and PMφ. Due to the different exposure modes and doses, there is a significant difference in the toxic reaction between coal-fired flue gas and particulate matter.