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以水保林地、水平梯田及地埂植物带组成的水土保持措施体系和无水保措施布置坡耕地为研究对象,结合传统统计分析和ArcGIS地统计分析方法,研究不同深度土壤养分随时间及空间(垂直和水平)变化特征。结果表明,(1)所选研究区内土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷含量均随着土层深度的增加而降低,同一坡位高度,有水土保持措施坡耕地土壤养分含量比无措施坡耕地高,且土壤养分在垂直方向上相对均匀分布。(2)从各水土保持措施对不同深度土壤养分含量的影响来看,在水土保持体系内,0~15 cm和15~30 cm土壤有机质含量依次为:水保林地>水平梯田>地埂植物带,全氮、全磷和有效磷含量依次为:地埂植物带>水平梯田>水保林地。在无措施对照区,土壤有机质、全氮和有效磷含量两层次均顺坡逐渐增高,而全磷两层次分布均呈:中坡位无措施区>下坡位无措施区>上坡位无措施区。不同深度土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷含量均随月份变化先增加后损失,但其变化程度因水土保持措施不同而不同。(3)经统计分析表明,水土保持措施区0~15 cm土壤有机质和全氮变异系数大于无措施对照区,但土壤全磷和有效磷变异系数正好相反;无措施对照区15~30 cm土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷变异系数大于水土保持措施区。水土保持措施与不同深度土壤养分之间均呈极显著正相关关系,0~15 cm和15~30 cm土壤全氮和有效磷之间均呈显著正相关,而0~15 cm和15~30 cm其他各指标关系间均呈极显著正相关关系。
Taking the soil and water conservation measures system consisting of water-conserving woodlands, horizontal terraces and meadows as the research object, this paper studied the distribution of soil nutrients in different depths with time and space by combining traditional statistical analysis with ArcGIS geostatistical analysis methods. (Vertical and horizontal) change characteristics. The results showed that: (1) The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus decreased with the increase of soil depth in the selected study area. Soil nutrient content of sloping farmland with soil conservation measures at the same slope height was Measures slope farmland high, and soil nutrients in the vertical direction of the relatively evenly distributed. (2) According to the influence of soil and water conservation measures on soil nutrient contents at different depths, the organic matter content of 0 ~ 15 cm and 15 ~ 30 cm in soil and water conservation system were as follows: water and forest land> horizontal terraces> The contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus were as follows: Diospyros kaempferi> Terraces> Paddy forest. In the no-control plot, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus content gradually increased in two levels along the slope, while the distribution of total phosphorus showed that there were no measures in the mid-slope> No-down-zone> No uphill Measures area. The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus in different depths increased at first and then decreased with the change of the monthly, but the degree of variation was different due to the different measures of soil and water conservation. (3) The statistical analysis shows that the coefficient of variation of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in 0 ~ 15 cm soil and water conservation measures area is larger than that without measures, but the coefficient of variation of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in soil is the opposite; The coefficients of variation of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus were greater than those of soil and water conservation measures. There was a significant positive correlation between soil and water conservation measures and soil nutrient at different depths. There was a significant positive correlation between soil total nitrogen and available phosphorus in 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm, while 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm other indicators showed a significant positive correlation between the relationship.