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目的分析流行性腮腺炎疫情的流行病学特征及发病原因,指导今后的流行性腮腺炎防治工作。方法运用描述流行病学方法,分析2009—2014年新疆策勒县流行性腮腺炎疫情资料。结果 6年间策勒县共报告流行性腮腺炎272例,年均发病率29.597/10万,其中2009年发病率最高,发病145例、发病率92.397/10万;2011年发病率最低,发病3例、发病率1.881/10万,各年发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=457.421,P<0.05);发病季节特征明显,每年春季4—5月为发病高峰期,发病174例、占总发病的63.97%,9—10月发病最少,仅发病5例、占总发病的1.84%;2014年全年均有发病,2009年、2014年出现过暴发流行;报告发病数前三位的是努尔乡、策勒镇、策勒乡;男女发病数性别比1.16∶1,差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.258,P>0.05);病例年龄分布以小年龄组为主,5岁~组发病102例、占病例总数的37.50%;10岁~组发病92例、占病例总数的33.82%;报告病例数最多为学生,发病190例、占总病例数的69.85%。结论疫苗接种率低、易感人群积累是造成流行性腮腺炎疫情发生的主要原因;提高人群免疫接种率是防止疫情发生的主要措施,积极开展健康教育、做好疫情监测和应急处理,能有效降低流行性腮腺炎的发病率。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenesis of mumps epidemic and guide the future prevention and treatment of mumps. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic data of mumps in Cele County, Xinjiang from 2009 to 2014. Results A total of 272 cases of mumps were reported in Cele counties over the past six years, with an average annual incidence of 29.597 / 100 000, of which the highest was in 2009 with a morbidity of 145 cases (92.397 per 100 000). The morbidity was the lowest in 2011 with onset of 3 Cases, the incidence rate of 1.881 / 100 000, the incidence of each year was statistically significant (χ2 = 457.421, P <0.05); seasonal characteristics of the disease significantly, every spring from April to May as the peak incidence of onset of 174 cases, accounting for The incidence was 63.97%, with the least incidence in September-October, with only 5 cases occurring, accounting for 1.84% of the total incidence. The incidence was all-year in 2014 and outbreaks occurred in 2009 and 2014. The top three reported incidences were Nuer Township, Cele Township and Cele Township; the incidence of male and female was 1.16:1, the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 3.258, P> 0.05). The age distribution of patients was mainly in the younger age group, The incidence of 102 cases, accounting for 37.50% of the total number of cases; 10-year-old group of 92 cases, accounting for 33.82% of the total number of cases; the largest number of reported cases of students, 190 cases, accounting for 69.85% of the total number of cases. Conclusions The low vaccination rate and the accumulation of susceptible population are the main causes of the epidemic of mumps. To improve the vaccination rate of the population is the main measure to prevent the outbreak from happening. Actively carry out health education, monitor the epidemic situation and deal with emergencies effectively, which is effective Reduce the incidence of mumps.