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目的分析广东省第3次死因回顾性调查样本中妇女乳腺癌和宫颈癌患者死亡流行特征,为制定降低两癌死亡的策略提供科学依据。方法收集广东省第3次死因回顾性抽样调查数据,采用描述性流行病学分析方法对乳腺癌、宫颈癌死亡率、死亡构成等指标进行分析。结果本次调查样本中女性7 457 302人,其中城市2 220 483人,农村5 236 819人。乳腺癌死亡率为5.5/10万,标化率为5.3/10万,城市标化死亡率(5.9/10万)高于农村(5.0/10万)(P<0.01);城市女性乳腺癌死亡率随着年龄的增加而升高,以≥85岁年龄组最高(50.1/10万)(P<0.01);农村女性乳腺癌死亡率则以45～54岁年龄组最高(16.7/10万)(P<0.01)。宫颈癌死亡率为3.2/10万,标化率为2.9/10万,城市标化死亡率(2.3/10万)低于农村(3.3/10万)(P<0.05);城市女性宫颈癌死亡率以≥85岁年龄组最高(30.0/10万)(P<0.01),农村女性宫颈癌死亡率则是随着年龄的增加而升高(P<0.01)。结论在广东省妇女两癌死亡的防制中,女性乳腺癌以城市中青年为重点人群,宫颈癌以农村中青年为重点人群;建议加强妇女两癌防制的健康教育,针对重点人群开展大规模的肿瘤筛查,遏制其死亡率的增长。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of breast cancer and cervical cancer among women in the retrospective survey of the third cause of death in Guangdong Province and to provide a scientific basis for the development of strategies to reduce the death of both cancers. Methods A retrospective sample survey of the third cause of death in Guangdong Province was collected. The descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the incidence of breast cancer, cervical cancer mortality and death. Results The survey sample included 7,457,302 women, including 2,220,483 in urban areas and 5,236,819 in rural areas. The death rate of breast cancer was 5.5 / 100000, the standardization rate was 5.3 / 100000, the urban standardization mortality rate was 5.9 / 100000, higher than that in rural areas (5.0 / 100000) (P <0.01) (50.1 / 100000) (P <0.01). The death rate of breast cancer in rural women was the highest (16.7 / 100000) in the age group of 45-54 years (P <0.01). Cervical cancer mortality rate was 3.2 / 100000, the standardization rate was 2.9 / 100000, urban standardization mortality rate (2.3 / 100000) was lower than that in rural areas (3.3 / 100000) (P <0.05) The incidence of cervical cancer in rural women was the highest (30.0 / 100000) ≥85 years old (P <0.01), while the death rate of cervical cancer in rural women increased with age (P <0.01). Conclusions In the prevention and control of the death of the two cancer patients in Guangdong Province, the female breast cancer takes urban middle-aged and young people as the key population and the cervical cancer takes the rural middle-aged and young people as the key population. It is suggested to strengthen the health education of prevention and control of two cancers for women, Size of cancer screening to curb the growth of its mortality.