目的总结机械通气辅助治疗新生儿胎粪吸入综合征（ＭＡＳ）的效果。方法将２８例ＭＡＳ患儿按胸片和血气结果分为肺不张组和肺气肿组，对两组所用呼吸器参数进行对比分析，探讨各种因素对机械通气疗效的影响。结果２８例中痊愈１８例（６４３％），死亡１０例（３５７％），平均用呼吸器时间８２８小时，合并肺炎肺出血是机械通气的第一位死亡原因，其次是肺动脉高压和新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（ＮＲＤＳ），出生体重、胎龄和机械通气时间与预后无关。结论根据不同病情选择合适的压力和防止感染是ＭＡＳ治疗的关键 Objective To summarize the effects of mechanical ventilation on neonate meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Methods 28 cases of children with MAS were divided into atelectasis group and emphysema group according to the result of chest radiograph and blood gas. The respirator parameters of the two groups were compared and analyzed to explore the effect of various factors on the effect of mechanical ventilation. Results In 28 cases, 18 cases (643%) were cured, 10 cases (357%) died, and the mean respirator time was 828 hours. Pulmonary pulmonary hemorrhage was the first cause of death due to mechanical ventilation, followed by Pulmonary hypertension and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), birth weight, gestational age and duration of mechanical ventilation have nothing to do with prognosis. Conclusions It is the key to MAS treatment to choose appropriate pressure and prevent infection according to different conditions