本文关注的是“独裁”这一概念的发展历史,追述了罗马共和国时期的独裁制度的特点和演进,介绍了近代早期政治思想对于该概念的论述,尤其是公共福祉思想与该概念的联系,概述了美国避免独裁道路的情况,分析了独裁制度在19世纪欧洲的发展状况。文章还特别分析了施密特关于独裁的理论。 This article focuses on the history of the development of the concept of “dictatorship”, tracing the characteristics and evolution of dictatorship in the period of the Roman Republic, introducing the discourse of this concept in early modern political thought, especially the idea of ​​public welfare and the concept Contacted and outlined the situation of the United States in avoiding dictatorship and analyzed the development of dictatorship in Europe in the 19th century. The article also specifically analyzes Schmidt’s theory of dictatorship.