1.引言用于图象分析的仪器可分为四大组: (1)目镜测微计,使用图形比较法、网格法在显微镜上或照片上用人工方法测量; (2)半自动仪器,使用该设备由操作者确认基相; (3)全自动装置,其中图象信息的输入借助于摄象头或其它产生图象的附加仪器(或直接从扫描电镜的信号)。由电子仪器本身进行相的选择,由硬件确定测量的参数; (4)带有图象存储器的全自动装置,此设备运用软件技术进行相的确认和测量,用仪器中的硬件进行检测和二维图像处理,因此结合了硬件的速度和软件的灵活性。 2.半自动装置的特点和普及 1. INTRODUCTION The instruments used for image analysis can be divided into four groups: (1) eyepiece micrometer, using the method of graph comparison, grid method on the microscope or photograph by manual measurement; (2) semi-automatic instruments, The device is used by the operator to confirm the base phase. (3) Fully automatic device in which the input of image information is by means of a camera or other additional instrument that generates images (or signals directly from the SEM). By the electronic equipment itself phase selection, the hardware to determine the measured parameters; (4) with a picture of the memory of the automatic device, the device uses software technology for phase identification and measurement, with the instrument hardware to detect and two Dimensional image processing, thus combining the speed of the hardware with the flexibility of the software. 2. semi-automatic device features and popularity