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目的通过对黄花蒿干物质的积累及青蒿素与N、P、K量的动态变化研究,了解黄花蒿植株N、P、K的需求比例以及干物质的积累及N、P、K量和青蒿素量之间的关系,为肥料的合理配施提供参考。方法以桂93001号黄花蒿为观测对象,定期采集植株样品,测定其生物量和根、茎、叶、花中的N、P、K以及叶片和花的青蒿素量。结果黄花蒿7月中旬前干物质积累量最少,青蒿素的积累量最大,8月中旬到9月底干物质积累量较大,9月底叶片的青蒿素量达到最低;黄花蒿植株N、P、K积累量较多的时期主要在其生长前期,其中N、K是黄花蒿需要较多的营养元素,N、P、K在植株体内分配的比例为1∶0.12∶0.76,每生产100 kg黄花蒿需要N 19.6～28.2、P 2.0～3.4、K 13.6～17.3 kg。结论施肥的重要时期主要放在生长前期,而肥料应以N、K肥为主,配施适量的P肥,根据目标产量和土壤N、P、K量确定其施肥量。
OBJECTIVE Through the study on the accumulation of dry matter of Artemisia annua and the dynamic change of the content of artemisinin, N, P and K, the demand ratio of N, P and K of Artemisia annua L. and the accumulation of dry matter and N, P, K and The relationship between the amount of artemisinin for the rational allocation of fertilizer provide a reference. Methods Artemisia annua 93001 was used as the observation object. Plant samples were collected regularly to determine the biomass and the amount of N, P, K and the amount of artemisinin in leaves and flowers in roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Results Artemisia annua L. had the least dry matter accumulation before mid-July, with the highest accumulation of artemisinin. From mid-August to the end of September, the accumulation of dry matter was the largest, with the lowest amount of artemisinin in the leaves by the end of September. Artemisia annua L. plant N, P and K accumulate more in the early growth stage, among them, N and K are more nutrients needed by Artemisia annua L. N, P and K are distributed in plants at a ratio of 1: 0.12: 0.76, with a production of 100 kg Artemisia annua requires N 19.6-28.2, P 2.0-3.4, K 13.6-17.3 kg. Conclusion The main period of fertilization is mainly in the early stage of growth. The fertilizers should be mainly N and K, with the appropriate amount of P fertilizer, and the amount of fertilization should be determined according to the target yield and N, P and K contents in the soil.