管理可定义为制定并执行国家政策的一种行为或方式。由于社会政治环境、经济环境和文化环境千差万别,执行部门控制国家政策的程度也各不相同。管理一般分为国家政策的制定、国家政策的立法及国家政策的实施三个阶段。国家政策的得失不能孤立地评价,因而,立法机关的审查以及给予该机关以反馈信息就成了管理过程不可缺少的组成部分。 历史经验证明,良好的管理机制应具备两个基本特点:一是决策与执行有透明度;二是执行机关无约束权力得到合理 Management can be defined as an act or way of developing and implementing a national policy. Due to the wide range of socio-political, economic and cultural environments, the executive branch also exercises varying degrees of control over the country’s policies. Management generally divided into the formulation of national policies, national policy legislation and the implementation of national policies in three stages. The gains and losses of national policies can not be evaluated in isolation, and therefore the review of the legislature and the giving of information to that authority are integral parts of the management process. Historical experience proves that good management mechanism should have two basic characteristics: First, there is transparency in decision-making and implementation; Second, it is reasonable that the executive power is unconstrained