目的:总结小儿心包积液临床特点,以指导临床诊断与治疗。方法:对重庆和四川地区128例心包积液患儿的临床特点、治疗及预后资料进行回顾性分析。结果:小儿心包积液临床表现多样,病因构成前3位为肺吸虫病(60.2%)、化脓性(14.8%)和结核性(8.6%)。结论:重庆、四川地区小儿心包积液以感染性为主,其中肺吸虫性最常见;询问吃生蟹史,常规查外周血和心包液中嗜酸粒细胞计数,对本病诊断价值大。 Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of children with pericardial effusion to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The clinical features, treatment and prognosis of 128 children with pericardial effusion in Chongqing and Sichuan were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The clinical manifestations of pediatric pericardial effusion varied. The first three causes were paragonimiasis (60.2%), purulent (14.8%) and tuberculous (8.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pediatric pericardial effusion in Chongqing and Sichuan Provinces is mainly infectious, of which the most common parasite is paragonimiasis. The history of eating crabs and routine examination of eosinophil counts in peripheral blood and pericardial fluid are of great diagnostic value for this disease.