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近年来,在阿拉斯加和加拿大的极地海域以及在萨哈林岛附近海面和象渤海湾那样的浅水区域勘探和开采资源变得越来越活跃。当设计生产平台、荷载装置、导管架和挖泥设备以及运输系统时,可能出现的极限冰况和载荷是设计者最关心的。过去世界上建造的冰中海上结构物,由于坚固不够有的被冰摧毁,或者为了万无一失可能建造得过于坚固而造价昂贵。关于冰中海上结构物或运输系统新设计构思的发展,由于在获取原型资料方面存在的实际困难,用冰的模型试验论证海洋工程设计合理性可靠性起了重要作用。60年代和70年代在模拟破冰技术方面取得的显著进展已推广用模型试验的方法确定海上结构物的形状、构造及其在冰中的性能和特征,同时促进了新一代模型冰槽的发展。冰中海上结构物的物理模拟技术不再局限于平整冰,着眼于南极和北极以及有关海域资源的开发,设计者关注着重叠冰、压力脊以及多年的冰盘、冰脊和冰山的模拟。
In recent years, exploration and exploitation resources have become increasingly active in polar waters of Alaska and Canada, and in the shallow waters of the sea off Sakhalin Island and in the Gulf of Bohai. The limit ice conditions and loads that may occur when designing the production platform, load devices, jacket and dredging equipment, and transportation systems are of greatest interest to designers. The ice structures built in the past in the world in the past were either destroyed by ice, either stubbornly inadequate, or they could be too solid and costly to build foolproof. With regard to the development of new concepts for the design of marine structures or transport systems in ice, due to the practical difficulties in obtaining prototype data, it is important to demonstrate the reliability and reliability of marine engineering design using ice model tests. Significant advances in simulated icebreaking technology in the 1960s and 1970s have promoted the use of model tests to determine the shape, structure and properties of marine structures in ice and their development while promoting the development of a new generation of model ice troughs. The physical simulation of ice structures in the sea is no longer limited to flat ice, focusing on the development of Antarctic and Arctic waters and associated waters. Designers focus on simulations of overlapping ice, pressure ridges, and years of ice trays, ridges, and icebergs.