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目的了解青岛市市南区小学生对传染病和常见病防治知识的知晓情况和行为现状,为今后在小学生中开展针对性的健康教育提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,调查895名小学生对传染病和常见病防治知识的知晓情况和行为现状。结果 “预防感冒的有效方法”和“水痘、流感、麻疹的传播途径”的知晓率达到90%以上;“读书写字的卫生要求”“打防疫针预防传染病”“预防手足口病和碘缺乏病”健康知识知晓率低于90%,存在性别和年级的差异。所调查的健康行为形成率均达到80%以上;女生健康知识知晓率和健康行为形成率高于男生,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所调查的健康知识知晓率和“不与他人合用毛巾”“早晚刷牙”“进食前、上厕所后、外出归来和触摸脏东西后均能洗手”的健康行为形成率均随年级的升高而增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论青岛市市南区小学生传染病和常见病预防健康行为形成率较好,但健康知识知晓率仍有不足,要据此采取有针对性的健康教育措施。
Objective To understand the knowledge and behavior status of primary school students in Shinan District of Qingdao City for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and common diseases and to provide basis for carrying out targeted health education among primary school students in the future. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the status and behavior of 895 primary school students in knowledge of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and common diseases. The results showed that the awareness rate of “effective ways to prevent cold” and “the transmission of chickenpox, influenza and measles” reached more than 90%. “The hygiene requirements of reading and writing” “Prevention of hand, foot and mouth disease and iodine deficiency disorders ” awareness of health knowledge is less than 90%, there are differences in gender and grade. The formation rate of healthy behavior surveyed reached more than 80%. The awareness rate of health knowledge and the rate of health behavior formation among girls were higher than boys, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The rate of awareness of health knowledge surveyed and the rate of formation of healthy people before going to the toilet, going back to the toilet and touching the dirty hands after washing the toilet brush “morning and evening” With the increase of grade, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The formation rate of infectious diseases and common diseases in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and common diseases in Shinan District of Qingdao City is good. However, the awareness of health knowledge is still not enough, and targeted health education measures should be taken accordingly.