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目的分析2009年-2015年本院HIV抗体筛查阳性标本确证检测结果及流行病学特征,为临床预防医学和疾病控制提供合理依据。方法对HIV抗体筛查阳性样品用ELISA和胶体金快速试验进行复检,复检阳性的采用免疫印迹法(WB)进行确证,对确证阳性患者进行流行病学分析。结果 78例HIV抗体初筛阳性,56例复检阳性,WB检测反应条带gp160和gp120的出现率最高,均为100.0%;p24和gp41出现率次之,分别为96.4%和94.6%;p39和gp36出现率较低,分别为41.1%和3.6%,其中7条带以上者48例,占85.7%。18岁~40岁38例(占67.85%),已婚者30例(占53.57%),工人(包括机关)感染者26例(占46.43%),性传播49例(占87.5%);注射吸毒与输入血液制品感染者4例;母婴传播3例。结论 HIV感染以男性、青壮年、已婚者为主,主要通过性传播,且“晚发现”现象较为严重;艾滋病疫情处于低流行水平,但大多数的确证感染者处于病毒活跃期,传播的危险性大,加强对该类人群宣传教育与行为干预,对于预防和控制艾滋病意义重大。
Objective To analyze the confirmatory test results and epidemiological characteristics of positive HIV antibody screening specimens from 2009 to 2015 in our hospital and provide a reasonable basis for clinical preventive medicine and disease control. Methods The HIV antibody positive samples were retested by ELISA and colloidal gold rapid test. The positive samples were confirmed by Western blotting (WB) and the positive samples were confirmed by epidemiological analysis. Results 78 cases of HIV antibody positive screening, 56 cases retest positive, WB detection of the reaction band gp160 and gp120 the highest incidence, were 100.0%; p24 and gp41 were the second, respectively, 96.4% and 94.6%; p39 And gp36 were lower, accounting for 41.1% and 3.6% respectively, including 48 with 7 or more, accounting for 85.7%. 38 cases (67.85%) were 18 years old to 40 years old, 30 cases were married (53.57%), 26 cases (46.43%) were workers (including organs) and 49 cases (87.5%) were sexually transmitted 4 cases of drug addiction and blood products infection; 3 cases of mother-to-child transmission. Conclusions HIV infection is predominantly male, young and married, mainly through sexual transmission, and the phenomenon of “late discovery” is more serious. The AIDS epidemic is at a low prevalence level, but most of the confirmed HIV-infected patients are at the active stage of virus, The danger of transmission is great, and increasing publicity and education on such people and behavior intervention are of great significance for the prevention and control of AIDS.