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本文研究了作物、果树间作模式下果树树冠结构对间作作物区域光环境的影响,为果粮间作模式下适宜果树高光效树形结构的确定提供理论依据。以南疆地区扁桃(10 a)||冬小麦间作种植模式为研究对象,扁桃树形分为疏散分层形、开心形、高干形、小冠半圆形4个树形处理,以非间作的冬小麦大田为对照,于冬小麦灌浆期对间作区域不同波段辐射强度、光谱组成和光合有效辐射(PAR)日变化规律进行分区测定。结果表明:1)各树形对应间作区域光环境优劣程度从高至低依次为小冠半圆形、高干形、开心形、疏散分层形,几个树形处理间作区域总辐射强度平均值分别为对照的55.63%、46.54%、37.87%和28.76%,光合有效辐射强度依次为自然光对照的55.84%、44.57%、35.52%和26.40%;2)与自然光对照相比,间作区域各波段光照辐射强度均有不同程度降低,其中PAR、蓝紫光、黄绿光和红橙光区域消减幅度高于总辐射平均值,紫外、近红外和远红外区域消减幅度低于总辐射平均值。以疏散分层形西侧冠下区为例,该区域总辐射消减为自然光的11.37%,蓝紫光、黄绿光、红橙光和光合有效辐射分别消减至对照的7.98%、8.42%、8.62%和8.30%;紫外光、近红外和远红外分别消减至对照的12.30%、15.94%和23.00%;3)光质参数中“红橙光/远红外”比值对树冠结构特征变化敏感度高,变异系数为23.34%,可作为对间作区域光环境评价的主要指标;4)冠幅、干高、树高、有无主干等树冠结构指标对间作区域特别是东侧区域的PAR日变化趋势影响大。综合以上结果,南疆扁桃||冬小麦间作模式下,控冠、提干、落头等整形修剪措施能够改善间作区域的光照条件,以采用小冠半圆形树形间作区域光环境最优。
In this paper, the effects of canopy structure of fruit trees on the light environment of intercrops under cropping and fruit tree intercropping were studied, which provided the theoretical basis for the determination of the tree structure of high light efficiency of fruit trees under intercropping. Taking almond (10 a) || winter wheat intercropping patterns in southern Xinjiang as the research object, almond tree was divided into four layers: evacuation layered, happy, high stem and small crown semicircle, Winter wheat field as a control, the diurnal variation of radiant intensity, spectral composition and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in different wave bands in the intercropping area during winter wheat filling stage were determined. The results showed as follows: 1) From top to bottom, the order of the light environment of each tree-shaped intercropping area was semi-circular, high-stem, happy and evacuated. The total regional radiant intensity The average values were 55.63%, 46.54%, 37.87% and 28.76% of the control respectively. The photosynthetically available radiation intensity was 55.84%, 44.57%, 35.52% and 26.40% of the natural light control respectively. 2) Compared with the control of natural light, The band radiation intensity decreased to some extent. Among them, the PAR, blue-violet, yellow-green and red-orange regions decreased more than the average total radiation while the UV, near-infrared and far-infrared regions decreased less than the average total radiation. Taking the evacuation of the western subtropical zone as an example, the total radiation in this area was reduced to 11.37% of that of natural light. The contents of blue-purple, yellow-green, red-orange and photosynthetically active radiation were reduced to 7.98%, 8.42% and 8.62% 8.30% respectively; UV, NIR and far infrared were reduced to 12.30%, 15.94% and 23.00% of control respectively; 3) The ratio of “red orange light / far infrared” , And the coefficient of variation was 23.34%, which could be used as the main index to evaluate the light environment of the intercropping area; 4) The daily variation of PAR in the intercropping area, especially in the eastern area, with the canopy structure indicators such as crown width, stem height, Great impact. According to the above results, alpine | pruning ||| winter wheat intercropping can improve the light conditions in the intercropping area under the control of crown, pull-out and drop-off.