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目的:研究重庆永川、湖南湘潭、山东招远3个不同产地野生青蒿精油的化学组成;探讨青蒿精油化学组成及其生态类型的关系。方法:水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油,GC-MS法分析精油的化学组成。结果:从3个产地的青蒿精油中分别鉴定出44,50,39个化合物,占精油总量的85.58%,82.33%,94.83%;3个产地的青蒿精油含有19化合物相同,其中蒿酮(11.32%,0.10%,57.48%)、樟脑(10.05%,8.20%,2.43%)、石竹烯(14.83%,6.26%,3.55%)和大根香叶烯-D(13.44%,6.14%,2.07%)的相对含量差别明显。结论:实验结果证实山东招远青蒿属于观赏类型,湖南湘潭青蒿属于混合类型;而重庆永川青蒿属于混合类型和富青蒿素类型之间的过渡类型,更趋向于后者。
OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of three essential oils of Artemisia annua in Yongchuan of Chongqing, Xiangtan of Hunan and Zhaoyuan of Shandong Province, and to explore the relationship between the chemical composition of the essential oil of Artemisia annua and its ecological type. Methods: The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and the chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS. Results: 44,50,39 compounds were identified from three essential oils of Artemisia annua, accounting for 85.58%, 82.33% and 94.83% of the total amount of essential oils, respectively. Among the three producing areas, Artemisia annua essential oil contained 19 compounds, of which Artemisia (11.32%, 0.10%, 57.48%), camphor (10.05%, 8.20%, 2.43%), caryophyllene (14.83%, 6.26%, 3.55%) and germacrene D (13.44% 2.07%) the relative content of the difference is obvious. CONCLUSION: The experimental results confirm that Artemisia annua L. belongs to ornamental type in Zhaoyuan of Hunan Province, and Artemisia annua L. belongs to the mixed type in Xiangtan of Hunan Province. While Artemisia annua L. of Yongchuan of Chongqing belongs to the transition type between mixed type and Artemisinin-rich type, and tends to the latter.