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【目的】探讨经皮椎弓根钉棒微创系统治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性及其疗效。【方法】回顾性分析于2013年1月至2014年1月，在湖南省人民医院脊柱外科分别行经皮椎弓根钉棒微创内固定术和传统开放复位内固定术的50例单节段胸腰椎（T11～L2）压缩性骨折患者临床资料。所有患者均无神经症状和体征。经皮椎弓根钉棒微创内固定组16例，开放复位内固定34例。记录并比较两组手术时间，手术中失血量，术后引流量，住院时间，内固定前后矢状位Cobb角和椎体前缘高度百分比。【结果】所有病例均获随访，时间9～21个月，平均随访14个月，经皮微创内固定组的手术时间、术中失血量、内固定后引流量均显著优于传统开放复位内固定组（ P＜0．05），两组住院时间均为12 d（ P＜0．05）。所有患者内固定术后3个月矢状位Cobb角显著低于内固定前，椎体前缘高度百分比显著高于术前（P＜0．05），但两组间比较差异无显著性（P ＜0．05）。【结论】经皮椎弓根钉棒微创系统治疗单纯单节段胸腰椎压缩性骨折具有创伤小，安全可靠，矫正效果满意等优点。“,”Objective]To explore the clinical feasibility and efficacy of mini‐invasive fixation system of percutaneous pedicle screw rod in the treatment of single‐segment thoracolumbar fractures .[Methods]A total of 50 patients underwent mini‐invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation system ( n =16) or open pedicle screw fixation ( n=34) for single‐segment vertebral body compression fractures from January 2013 to January 2014 .There were no neurological signs or symptoms .Their data of operative duration ,intraoperative volume of blood loss ,postoperative drainage volume ,length of hospital stay ,pre& post‐operative Cobb angle and an‐terior vertebral body height ratio were recorded and compared between two groups .[Results]Their average follow‐up period was 14 (9~21) months .No significant inter‐group differences existed in operative duration , intraoperative volume of blood loss or postoperative drainage volume ( P <0 .05) .There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay ( P <0 .05) .The postoperative Cobb angle was significantly lower while anterior vertebral body height ratio was significantly higher at 3 months than those pre‐fixation in two groups ( P <0 .05) .[Conclusion]The mini‐invasive fixation system of percutaneous pedicle screw offers satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of single‐segment thoracolumbar (T11 ~L2 ) fractures .