基于波动方程理论采用交错网格高阶有限差分方法,对弹性波在各向同性层状介质条件下进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明:地质断层使得地震波变得异常复杂,断层界面可以引起地震波的相互转化,并且产生大量的界面散射,使反射波同相轴扭曲、截断甚至淹没,从而引起地震资料严重的低信噪比问题。研究结论对于防震减灾和地质灾害防治工作具有一定指导意义。 Based on the wave equation theory, staggered-grid high-order finite difference method is used to simulate the elastic wave under the condition of isotropic layered media. The simulation results show that the geological fault makes the seismic wave become extremely complex. The fault interface can cause the mutual conversion of the seismic waves and produce a large number of interface scattering, which distorts, truncates or even submerges the reflected waves, resulting in serious low signal-to-noise ratio problem. The conclusions of the study are of guiding significance for the prevention and control of earthquake disaster and disaster and geological disasters.