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背景:农民工作为中国社会典型的弱势群体,其社会处境已引起普遍关注,因此,深入了解农民工的生活满意感状况,提高他们的生活质量,对创建和谐社会来说具有重大的现实意义。目的:了解返乡农民工的生活满意感状况,为提高农民工的生活质量提供可靠的依据。设计:简单随机抽样调查。单位:衡阳师范学院教育科学系。对象:调查于2005-02在中国15个省完成。随机抽取300名春节期间返乡的农民工为调查对象。方法:运用生活满意感量表进行个别测试。该量表由生活接近理想、生活条件好、生活满意、得到重要东西、肯定人生道路等五个条目组成。量表用1分到7分依次代表七个等级进行评定:非常不同意、不同意、有点不同意、既不同意也不反对、有点同意、同意、非常同意。该量表再测信度大于0.80,内容效度0.60,效标效度大于0.50。做答前给予指导语,农民工根据最近1周内的自我感觉答题,独立完成,当场收卷。结果数据输入计算机进行统计分析。如有4题以上选择“既不同意也不反对”的问卷视为无效而不进行分析。所有有效数据输入计算机后运用SPSS11.0软件包进行统计分析;群体差异比较用t检验和方差分析。主要观察指标:所有受试对象生活满意感量表得分。结果:发放问卷300份,回收问卷275份,其中合格问卷为245份,占91.67%。245名调查对象均进入结果分析,其中,男性118名,女性127名,年龄16～52岁,平均年龄26.09岁,涉及16种行业,月收入200元～8000元。生活满意感量表调查结果显示:①245名返乡农民工的生活满意感倾向于满意的占29.8%,倾向于不满意的占41.6%。②返乡农民工在生活满意度上存在显著的性别差异,男性明显优于女性(P<0.001)[(4.50±1.70,3.95±1.53)(t=2.65,P<0.001)]。③经济收入显著影响返乡农民工对生活条件好和得到重要东西项目的体验[(3.79±1.85,3.98±1.64,4.07±1.44,4.84±1.14)(F=3.068,P<0.05);(4.64±2.03,3.72±1.68,4.07±1.67,4.19±1.28)(F=2.813,P<0.05)]。④返乡农民工的生活满意感在文化程度、打工时间上差异不显著。结论:返乡农民工的生活满意感多数较低,性别和经济收入是影响他们生活满意感的重要因素,文化程度、打工时间对他们的生活满意感没有影响。
Background: Since farmer workers are a typical vulnerable group in Chinese society, their social situation has drawn widespread attention. Therefore, understanding farmer workers’ satisfaction with life and improving their quality of life are of great practical significance in creating a harmonious society. Objective: To understand the life satisfaction of returning migrant workers and provide a reliable basis for improving the quality of life of migrant workers. Design: simple random sample survey. Unit: Department of Educational Science, Hengyang Teachers College. Audience: The survey was completed in 15 provinces in China in 2005-02. 300 randomly selected migrant workers returning home during the Spring Festival for the survey. Methods: Using life satisfaction scale for individual testing. The scale by the living close to the ideal, good living conditions, life satisfaction, get important things, affirmed the road to life and other five components. Scale 1 to 7 in order to represent seven levels to assess: very disagree, disagree, disagree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, agree a little, agree, strongly agree. The retest reliability of the scale is greater than 0.80, the content validity is 0.60, and the validity criterion is greater than 0.50. Guidance to give a pre-answer, migrant workers in accordance with the recent self-perception within 1 week to answer independently completed on the spot winding. Results data entered into the computer for statistical analysis. If you have more than 4 questions, the questionnaire that you choose to “neither agree nor disagree” is regarded as invalid and not analyzed. After all the valid data were input into the computer, SPSS11.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. Group differences were compared by t-test and ANOVA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Life satisfaction scale score of all subjects. Results: 300 questionnaires were distributed and 275 questionnaires were recalled, of which 245 were qualified, accounting for 91.67%. 245 respondents were involved in the analysis of the results. Among them, 118 were males and 127 were females, aged from 16 to 52 years with an average age of 26.09 years. There were 16 industries involved, with a monthly income of 200 yuan to 8,000 yuan. Life Satisfaction Scale The survey results show that: ①245 migrant workers return home satisfaction satisfaction accounted for 29.8%, tend to not satisfied with 41.6%. (2) There was a significant gender difference in life satisfaction among migrant workers returning home. Men were significantly better than women (P <0.001) (4.50 ± 1.70, 3.95 ± 1.53, t = 2.65, P <0.001). (3) The economic income significantly affected migrant workers returning home to experience good living conditions and getting important items [(3.79 ± 1.85, 3.98 ± 1.64, 4.07 ± 1.44, 4.84 ± 1.14, F = 3.068, P <0.05; ± 2.03, 3.72 ± 1.68, 4.07 ± 1.67, 4.19 ± 1.28) (F = 2.813, P <0.05)]. ④ return home migrant workers life satisfaction in the education level, working time difference was not significant. Conclusion: Most of migrant workers return home life satisfaction is low, gender and economic income is an important factor affecting their sense of satisfaction with life, education, working hours have no effect on their life satisfaction.