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科举制萌芽于南北朝,创制于隋,逐渐成熟于唐,完善于宋,行用至于明清。它的出现,是对特权制度的挑战,更是广得人才、安邦定业的重要手段。发展至清代,其制度日臻成熟,在恩荣及第者的同时又对下第者采取抚慰、安置、惩治等一系列措施,以起到稳定政局、广收人才、笼络士心的功效。尤其是雍正帝,执政虽只有短短十三年,但对科举、文教进行了一系列大刀阔斧的改革与完善,作育英才,广增名额,更继续弘扬“清真雅正”的文风。对科举下第举子心态的把握与研究,有助于全面了解、认识清代的科举制度。
The imperial examination system sprouted in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, created in the Sui, gradually matured in the Tang Dynasty, perfect in the Song, line with the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Its appearance is a challenge to the privilege system, and it is also an important means of expanding talent and peace. From the Qing Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the system became mature day by day. At the same time, it took a series of measures to soothe, resettle and punish the lower people in order to stabilize the political situation, attract more talents and keep their hearts. In particular, the emperor Yongzheng, although only a short period of thirteen years in power, conducted a series of drastic reforms and perfections in the imperial examinations and cultural and educational activities, gave birth to outstanding talents and gained more places, and continued to promote the style of “halal”. Grasping and studying the state of mind of the imperial examiner will help to fully understand and understand the imperial examination system in the Qing Dynasty.