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粘土矿物是海洋沉积物的重要组分,尤其在远洋非生物成因的沉积中所占比重更大,如深海褐粘土(占远洋沉积总量的38%)内含粘土矿物可高达50-70%,研究这些粘土矿物对于了解邻近大陆的环境变迁、海洋沉积过程、以及阐明沉积作用的理论问题都有很重要的意义。近十多年来,由于能够利用X射线衍射分析,对自然混合物中的各种粘土矿物进行定量鉴定,从而有可能对海洋沉积中的粘土矿物开展一系列的研究。研究重点一直是着眼于搞清粘土矿物在海洋沉积物中的分布,从而对其来源、沉积环境、形成机制进行探讨。比斯凯(Biscaye, 1965)分析了大西洋、印度洋的一部分及其毗邻的边缘海的500
Clay minerals are an important component of marine sediments, especially in oceanic non-biological sediments. For example, deep-sea brown clay (accounting for 38% of total ocean sediments) contains clay minerals up to 50-70% The study of these clay minerals is of great importance for understanding the environmental changes in the neighboring continents, the marine sedimentation process, and theoretical issues that elucidate sedimentation. For nearly a decade, the quantitative identification of various clay minerals in natural mixtures by X-ray diffraction analysis has made it possible to conduct a series of studies on clay minerals in marine sediments. The research has always focused on clarifying the distribution of clay minerals in marine sediments and exploring their origin, sedimentary environment and formation mechanism. Biscaye (1965) analyzed a part of the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and its adjacent marginal seas of 500