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【摘要】英语和汉语在表示比较的结构形式和使用方法上有较大的差别,因此比较句式的理解和表达就成了我们在翻译中的一个难点。比较句主要分为以下四类:1.同级比较,以as…as…句型为代表;2.比较级,以more…than…, less…than…句型为代表;3.最高级,以the most…, the least….句型为代表。下面将举例对这三类比较句的理解与翻译进行详细的阐述。
【关键词】比较句;翻译
【作者简介】肖薇(1984.5- ),女,土家族,重庆人,西南财经大学天府学院,硕士,讲师,研究方向:英语语言文学与翻译。
一、同级比较
1.表示两者在某一方面程度上相同是,即A=B,用:as 形容词/副词(或再加名词或短语) as,一般翻译为“……和……一样”,“……像……一样”。例如:
The beavers do it by gnawing all round the trunk, as high up from the ground as they can reach.
(as…as…也不是一定要翻译为“……像……一样”,而是根据具体的意思进行翻译)
2.表示甲在某一方面不及乙时,即A She held a Cabinet meeting as usual, and although not as forthright as most days, did manage to get through the business.
3.比较项不同。以上举的例子比较项是相同的,即两者在某一方面的比较,在这种情况下,可以把as…as与not…as/so…as分别翻译为“……像……一样”、“……不像……”。但是在比较项不同的情况下进行翻译,就不能套用这个模式了,而是要视具体意思而定。例如:
He is as kind as his sister is honest.他妹妹诚实而他和蔼。
二、比较级
1.比较级的基本形式:形容词或副词的比较级 than,一般翻译为“…比…”或“更…”。例如:
He is determined on his new plans to simplify the company, and makes it more profitable and competitive.
2. the 比较级…,the 比较级…,可翻译为“越……,越……”。还有比较级 and 比较级,可翻译为“越来越……”。例如:
The better command you have of words, the better chance you have of saying exactly what you mean.
3.no more/less than和not more/less than
no more … than 是“只不过,仅仅”的意思;not more … than 用于否定两者,意思是“至多,不超过,不比……更……”;no less … than 用于肯定两者,意思是“不少于,多达,同…一样”;not less … than是“不少于”的意思(即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)
Though they think it takes no more than three days to fulfill the mission, I believe it takes not less than six days.
雖然他们认为完成这任务只需三天,但我却认为至少需要六天。
Meteorites have also been analyzed, and a few of them appear to be not less than 7,000 million years old.
有人分析过陨石,其中只有少数陨石的年龄似乎在70亿年以上。
三、最高级
其基本结构是the 形容词或副词的最高级,用于对三个以上的人或物进行比较,表示其中居首位者,一般翻译为“最…”。例如:
It was a project that claimed Jefferson’s most intense interest, effort and devotion, and one that in its fruition left to him his greatest monument: the establishment of the University of Virginia.
Londoners sometimes boast that London is the grandest city in the world; Parisians argues that Paris is the most beautiful; Romans points out with pride that Rome is richer in history than any other city.
不加定冠词的最高级。它不同于the 最高级的用法。
The lake is deepest at this point.此湖这儿最深。
The lake is the deepest in the world.此湖为世界上最深之湖。
Like most show people, I feel happiest when my life is maddest.像大多数演员一样,当我的生活最欢快的时候,我感到最幸福。
The stars are brightest when there is no moon.没有月亮的时侯,星星最为明亮。
我们在翻译比较句的时候,既要认真搞清楚原文的真正含义,又要注意译文的通顺达意。以上三种比较句型有其基本的含义,在翻译大多数句子时可以套用固定的表达。但是每一种比较句都有一些特殊的变体,用法上与普通的比较句有所区别,在翻译时应该多加注意,充分理解句子意思后再用通顺的中文表达出来。还有一些基本的比较句,意思理解上毫无问题,要用中文表达时存在着困难。总的来说,我们要充分地了解英语比较句的基本句式及其特殊形式,在充分理解的基础上用地道的中文进行翻译。
【关键词】比较句;翻译
【作者简介】肖薇(1984.5- ),女,土家族,重庆人,西南财经大学天府学院,硕士,讲师,研究方向:英语语言文学与翻译。
一、同级比较
1.表示两者在某一方面程度上相同是,即A=B,用:as 形容词/副词(或再加名词或短语) as,一般翻译为“……和……一样”,“……像……一样”。例如:
The beavers do it by gnawing all round the trunk, as high up from the ground as they can reach.
(as…as…也不是一定要翻译为“……像……一样”,而是根据具体的意思进行翻译)
2.表示甲在某一方面不及乙时,即A She held a Cabinet meeting as usual, and although not as forthright as most days, did manage to get through the business.
3.比较项不同。以上举的例子比较项是相同的,即两者在某一方面的比较,在这种情况下,可以把as…as与not…as/so…as分别翻译为“……像……一样”、“……不像……”。但是在比较项不同的情况下进行翻译,就不能套用这个模式了,而是要视具体意思而定。例如:
He is as kind as his sister is honest.他妹妹诚实而他和蔼。
二、比较级
1.比较级的基本形式:形容词或副词的比较级 than,一般翻译为“…比…”或“更…”。例如:
He is determined on his new plans to simplify the company, and makes it more profitable and competitive.
2. the 比较级…,the 比较级…,可翻译为“越……,越……”。还有比较级 and 比较级,可翻译为“越来越……”。例如:
The better command you have of words, the better chance you have of saying exactly what you mean.
3.no more/less than和not more/less than
no more … than 是“只不过,仅仅”的意思;not more … than 用于否定两者,意思是“至多,不超过,不比……更……”;no less … than 用于肯定两者,意思是“不少于,多达,同…一样”;not less … than是“不少于”的意思(即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)
Though they think it takes no more than three days to fulfill the mission, I believe it takes not less than six days.
雖然他们认为完成这任务只需三天,但我却认为至少需要六天。
Meteorites have also been analyzed, and a few of them appear to be not less than 7,000 million years old.
有人分析过陨石,其中只有少数陨石的年龄似乎在70亿年以上。
三、最高级
其基本结构是the 形容词或副词的最高级,用于对三个以上的人或物进行比较,表示其中居首位者,一般翻译为“最…”。例如:
It was a project that claimed Jefferson’s most intense interest, effort and devotion, and one that in its fruition left to him his greatest monument: the establishment of the University of Virginia.
Londoners sometimes boast that London is the grandest city in the world; Parisians argues that Paris is the most beautiful; Romans points out with pride that Rome is richer in history than any other city.
不加定冠词的最高级。它不同于the 最高级的用法。
The lake is deepest at this point.此湖这儿最深。
The lake is the deepest in the world.此湖为世界上最深之湖。
Like most show people, I feel happiest when my life is maddest.像大多数演员一样,当我的生活最欢快的时候,我感到最幸福。
The stars are brightest when there is no moon.没有月亮的时侯,星星最为明亮。
我们在翻译比较句的时候,既要认真搞清楚原文的真正含义,又要注意译文的通顺达意。以上三种比较句型有其基本的含义,在翻译大多数句子时可以套用固定的表达。但是每一种比较句都有一些特殊的变体,用法上与普通的比较句有所区别,在翻译时应该多加注意,充分理解句子意思后再用通顺的中文表达出来。还有一些基本的比较句,意思理解上毫无问题,要用中文表达时存在着困难。总的来说,我们要充分地了解英语比较句的基本句式及其特殊形式,在充分理解的基础上用地道的中文进行翻译。