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目的:探讨义乌市外来务工女性生殖道感染现状及其影响因素,为治疗和制定预防措施提供依据。方法:采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,抽取义乌市非该市户籍有性经历的女性作为调查对象,由专业人员进行病史询问、常规妇科检查及辅助检查。同时对被检查人员进行现场流调,所得数据作相关统计分析。结果:此次共收集有效问卷2658份,年龄在16～52岁之间,18岁以下的占8.6%,18～40岁的占54.3%,大于40岁的占37.1%,平均年龄为28.7±0.35岁。未婚的占45.9%,已婚的占54.1%;其中受教育程度小学及以下者占30.5%,初中者占58.6%,高中及以上者占10.9%。这些被调查女性71.9%来自农村,28.1%来自城镇,且生殖道感染的检出率为53.2%,其中各种生殖道感染的患病前3位依次为:宫颈炎26.6%,细菌性阴道炎15.1%,盆腔炎5.7%。据结果显示,在这1 414名感染者中,患1种疾病者1 018例,患两种及以上396例;单因素分析获知造成如此高的感染率主要是受户籍状况、受教育程度、性伴侣个数、性交时是否使用安全套、经期是否性交、流产次数、用什么度过经期、冬天多久更换一次内裤、近3个月平均工资等因素的影响,且各因素分组间比较均具有统计学差异(P<0.05);Logistic分析表明,性交时没有使用安全套、较多的流产次数和经期性交为影响外来务工女性生殖道感染的危险因素(OR分别为1.74、3.32、2.95,P<0.05),受教育程度和近3个月平均工资为减少感染的保护因素(OR分别为0.66、0.57,P<0.05)。结论:加强对外来务工女性及其配偶或性伴侣关于生殖道感染的宣教、咨询与服务,使其养成健康的卫生及性生活习惯是降低外来务工女性生殖道感染的关键。
Objective: To investigate the current status and influential factors of female genital tract infection among migrant workers in Yiwu city, and to provide basis for treatment and prevention measures. Methods: A multi-stage, stratified random sampling method was used to collect women who did not have sexual registration in the city of Yiwu City as the survey subjects. Medical professionals asked for medical history, routine gynecological examinations and auxiliary examinations. At the same time on the scene to be checked personnel tune, the data for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 2658 valid questionnaires were collected, ranging in age from 16 to 52 years, 8.6% below 18 years old, 54.3% from 18 to 40 years old, 37.1% older than 40 years old and the average age was 28.7 ± 0.35 years old. 45.9% are unmarried, and 54.1% are married. Among them, 30.5% have primary school education and below, 58.6% have junior high school education and 10.9% have high school education or above. 71.9% of these women surveyed came from rural areas, 28.1% came from cities and towns, and the prevalence of genital tract infection was 53.2%. Among them, the top 3 prevalences of various genital tract infections were: cervicitis 26.6%, bacterial vaginosis 15.1%, pelvic inflammatory disease 5.7%. According to the results, of the 1 414 infected persons, 1 018 cases were found to have one type of disease and 396 cases were two or more types. Univariate analysis showed that such a high rate of infection was mainly caused by the status of household registration, education level, The number of sexual partners, whether to use condoms during intercourse, sexual intercourse during menstruation, the number of abortions, the period of menstruation spent, the pant change in winter, the average salary of the past three months and so on, and all the factors were statistically significant among the groups (P <0.05). Logistic analysis showed that condoms were not used during intercourse, and the frequency of miscarriage and menstrual intercourse were the risk factors for reproductive tract infections in migrant workers (OR = 1.74, 3.32, 2.95, P <0.05 ), Education level and average salary in the recent 3 months were the protective factors of reducing infection (OR = 0.66,0.57, P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Strengthening the mission, counseling and services of migrant women and their spouses or sexual partners about reproductive tract infections to develop healthy health and sexual habits is the key to reducing genital tract infections among migrant workers.