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【目的】获得胚性后代植株,优化枣合子胚培养条件,完善枣合子胚培养技术,从而为提高枣树新品种选育效率提供理论依据。【方法】以败育程度较轻的优良晚熟鲜食品种‘襄汾圆枣’枣盛花后30 d(球形胚)、40 d(心形胚)合子胚为外植体,进一步优化胚乳看护培养条件,并利用愈伤组织途径获得再生植株。【结果】适宜胚龄30 d、40 d的合子胚沿胚性生长的培养基分别为MS+IBA 0.2 mg·L-1+ZT 1.0 mg·L-1+GA35.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1+蔗糖7%+LH 0.5 g·L-1、MS+IBA 0.5 mg·L-1+ZT 0.5 mg·L-1+GA35.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.3 mg·L-1+蔗糖5%+LH 0.5 g·L-1,成胚率分别为54.17%、55.25%;不同胚龄的襄汾圆枣合子胚发育所需适宜的激素配比不同,在30 d胚龄阶段,NAA是影响成胚率的主要激素因子,而在40 d胚龄阶段,IBA则成为影响成胚率的主要激素因子。合子胚愈伤组织诱导的适宜培养基为MS+BA1.5mg·L-1+蔗糖4%,诱导率达70.59%;适宜合子胚分化培养基为MS+TDZ 0.8 mg·L-1+IAA 0.5 mg·L-1+蔗糖3%,分化率为58.90%。适宜生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 1.0 mg·L-1+蔗糖2%,生根率达80%以上,移栽成活率超过85%。【结论】通过合子胚愈伤组织途径获得完整胚培苗,为枣育种技术开辟了新途径。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to obtain embryogenic progeny plants, optimize jujube zygotic embryo culture conditions and improve Zizyphus jujuba embryo culture techniques, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving juvenile jujube variety selection and breeding efficiency. 【Method】 The zygotic embryos at 30 d (spherical embryo) and 40 d (cardiac embryo) from the late blooming jujube (Xiangfenzaojao) Conditions, and using callus to obtain regenerated plants. 【Result】 The results showed that the medium for embryogenic growth of zygotic embryos 30 days and 40 days after embryo age were MS + IBA 0.2 mg · L -1 + ZT 1.0 mg · L -1 + GA 35.0 mg · L -1 + NAA 0.2 mg · L -1 + sucrose 7% + LH 0.5 g · L -1 MS + IBA 0.5 mg · L -1 + ZT 0.5 mg · L -1 + GA35.0 mg · L -1 + NAA 0.3 mg · L-1 + sucrose 5% + LH 0.5 g · L-1, the embryogenic rates were 54.17%, 55.25% respectively. The optimum hormones for different developmental stages of Xiangfen Ziziphus jujuba were different at 30 During the embryo stage, NAA was the main hormonal factor affecting the embryogenesis rate, whereas IBA became the major hormone affecting the embryogenesis rate at the 40 d embryo age stage. The optimum medium for inducing zygotic embryo callus was MS + BA1.5mg · L-1 + sucrose 4% with the induction rate of 70.59%. Suitable zygotic embryogenic differentiation medium was MS + TDZ 0.8 mg · L -1 + IAA 0.5 mg · L-1 + 3% sucrose, differentiation rate of 58.90%. The suitable rooting medium was 1 / 2MS + IBA 1.0 mg · L-1 + 2% sucrose, the rooting rate reached more than 80%, and the transplanting survival rate exceeded 85%. 【Conclusion】 The complete embryo culture seedlings were obtained through the zygote embryo callus, which opened up a new way for jujube breeding.