近年来，以玉米为原料的生物能源产业的快速发展加上全球人口增长和经济发展对肉类需求的持续增长为玉米产业提供了广阔的发展空间。本文按照经典的李嘉图比较优势理论模型，依据土地产出率和成本收益资料，系统比较分析了世界两个最大玉米生产国中国和美国玉米产业发展的比较优势和形成原因。与美国相比，我国玉米产业发展形势严峻。相对于美国，我国玉米除与大豆有一点优势外，相对小麦扣粳稻都处于劣势，并且劣势比较明显。美国玉米生产的资金和技术密集程度决定了其较高的生产效率和明显的成本优势。围绕提高我国玉米生产效率和降低成本，本文就调整技术研发方向和转变生产经营模式进行了讨论并提出了一些政策建议。,This paper analyzed the comparative advantage of c industries between US and China, based on the data of land productivity and production cost of main grain crops. Comparing to US, China has much less comparative advantages on maize and soybean, and shows a significant inferior to wheat and japonica flee. This suggests that China c industry confronts great challenge relative to US. The high intensity of capital and technology provides US c production with higher productivity and lower cost. Furthermore, a discussion is also conducted on the adjustment in the future of R＆D and changing patts of the production in China. Based on the results, some important policy implications were provided to improve the c productivity and reduce the cost in China＇s c industry.