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城乡差别是传统二元经济结构的产物。在计划经济时期，我国以户籍制度限制农户的身份和择业自由，并以财政保障城镇居民的就业和福利，使城乡差别制度化并逐步强化。农村经济的率先改革使城乡差距从１９７８年的２．３７：１缩小到１９８４年的１．７１：１，但城市经济松动后?
The difference between urban and rural areas is the product of the traditional dual economic structure. In the period of planned economy, China adopted the household registration system to restrict the identity of farmers and the freedom to choose their employment. Institutionalization and gradual strengthening of the urban-rural differences were institutionalized by the financial guarantee of the employment and welfare of urban residents. The first reform of rural economy narrowed the gap between urban and rural areas from 2.37: 1 in 1978 to 1.71: 1 in 1984, but after the urban economy was loosened?