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近年来,国内外很多文献已确证青霉素能引起过敏反应,死亡者已不在少数。因而注射前常作皮内敏感试验。但因皮内试验阴性并不等于绝对可靠。最近我们即遇到三例在皮内试验阴性后注射青霉素,发生了较严重的过敏反应。兹将其中二例介绍如下。[例1]患者姚××,男,40岁。于1960年3月29日晚因急性扁桃腺炎入院。体温38.1℃,于当晚8时作青霉素皮内试验,观察15分钟后为阴性,即注射青霉素20万单位。于20分钟后,病人全身起荨麻疹,极痒,烦躁不安,面、胸、上肢有多数大片荨麻疹,眼瞼明显水肿,舌高度水肿约2厘米厚,说话不灵,咽部轻度水肿,但尚无吸呼困难。当即注射副腎素1支,口服苯海拉明50毫克,静脉注入10%葡萄糖酸钙10毫升,10分钟后见好转。至晚11时症状完全消退。
In recent years, many literatures at home and abroad have confirmed that penicillin can cause anaphylactic reaction, and those who have died are no small number. Therefore, before injection for intradermal sensitivity test. However, because of negative skin test does not mean that absolute reliability. Recently, we encountered three cases of intracutaneous injection of penicillin negative test, the occurrence of a more serious allergic reaction. Here are two examples below. [Example 1] Patient Yao × ×, male, 40 years old. On the night of March 29, 1960, he was admitted for acute tonsillitis. Body temperature 38.1 ℃, at 8 o’clock that day for penicillin intradermal test, 15 minutes after the observation was negative, that is injected penicillin 200,000 units. After 20 minutes, the patient started to have urticaria, very itch, restlessness, face and thorax, most large hives in the upper extremities, obvious eyelid edema, height of the tongue about 2 cm thick, incapable of speaking, mild pharyngeal edema, But there is no difficulty breathing. Immediately injected Vice Renin 1, oral diphenhydramine 50 mg, intravenous infusion of 10% calcium gluconate 10 ml, 10 minutes after the turnaround. The symptoms completely subsided by 11 pm.