中国朝鲜族由移民到国民身份转变的关键因素是双向认同。即中国政府承认朝鲜族为自己的国民,此为国家对其国民身份的法律认同;同时,朝鲜族认同中国为自己的国家,自己是中国国民,此为国家认同。清末民国,是朝鲜族中华/国家认同意识萌发——形成的重要时期,其大量的上书呈文反映了部分朝鲜族国家认同状况。 The key factor for the change of the Chinese Korean nationality from immigration to national identity is two-way agreement. That is, the Chinese government recognizes the Korean nationality as its own nationals, which is the legal identity of the state over its national identity. At the same time, the Korean people recognize China as their own country and its own nationality, which is the national identity. In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, it was an important period during which the Korean Chinese / nation recognized the germination of consciousness. A large number of written submissions reflected the identity of some Korean nationalities.