目的分析传统药敏试验与利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增技术(Xpert MTB/RIF)检测结果差异的原因。方法对1例涂片阳性痰标本,同时进行Xpert MTB/RIF检测、培养及药敏试验。结果标本Xpert MTB/RIF检测结果为结核分枝杆菌(MTB)检出低、利福平耐药RIF;药敏试验菌群鉴定为非结核分支杆菌、利福平耐药。结论 Xpert MTB/RIF检测在实验室诊断中仍需结合传统的涂片镜检、分离培养、药敏试验等,才能使检测结果更加准确、全面。 Objective To analyze the differences between traditional drug sensitivity test and rifampicin-resistant real-time fluorescent quantitative nucleic acid amplification (Xpert MTB / RIF). Methods One smear-positive sputum was collected and tested by Xpert MTB / RIF, culture and susceptibility testing. Results The results of Xpert MTB / RIF assay showed that M. tuberculosis (MTB) was low and rifampicin resistant RIF was detected. The susceptibility test strains were identified as non-mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistant. Conclusion Xpert MTB / RIF test in the laboratory diagnosis still need to combine the traditional smear microscopy, isolation and culture, drug susceptibility testing, etc., in order to make the test results more accurate and comprehensive.