一、对“生产劳动”概念的再认识传统的经济理论认为,生产劳动通常是指从事实物产品制造(即改变生产资源的物质形态),直接创造社会物质财富的经济行为。以此标准去衡量,只有制造工农业产品的劳动才是生产劳动,社会科学研究和其他不生产物质产品的劳动,被称为非生产劳动,工农业生产部门以外的部门就被称之为“非生产部门”或“纯消费部门”,拨给社会科学研究机构的经费则被称为“非生产性投资”。实际上,这种理论观点长期困扰着社会科学研究工作。社会科学研究工作者被说成是靠物质生产部门养活的人,造成社会科学研究经费拮据,人员编制和机构屡屡被压缩,社会科学研究长期得不到应有的重视。在社会主义市场经济大发展,以经济建设为中心的今天,人们更加突出物质生产的作用和自然科学的地位,这就使社会科学研究工作面临着更深刻的危机。所有这些,究其原因,都与主观上把社会科学研究视为非生产劳动有 I. Re-understanding of the Concept of “Productive Labor” Traditional economic theory holds that productive labor generally refers to the economic act of creating physical material wealth directly through the manufacture of physical products (ie, material forms that change production resources). Measured by this criterion, only the work of manufacturing industrial and agricultural products is the production of labor, social science research, and other work that does not produce material products. It is called non-productive labor and the departments other than the industrial and agricultural production departments are called “ Non-productive sectors ”or“ purely consumer sectors, ”and funds allocated to social science research institutions are called“ unproductive investments. ” In fact, this theoretical view has long plagued social science research. Social science research workers are said to be dependent on the material production sector to feed their families, resulting in a shortage of funds for social science research, a continual compression of personnel establishment and institutions, and a long period of neglected social science research. Today, with the great development of socialist market economy and the economic construction as the center, people are giving more prominence to the role of material production and the status of the natural sciences, which makes the social sciences research work facing a deeper crisis. All of these reasons are all related to the subjective view of social science research as non-productive labor