基因诊断

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基因诊断是通过分子生物学和分子遗传学的技术,用标记的DNA(或RNA)片段做探针,应用核酸分子杂交原理,鉴定被检测标本上的遗传信息,从而对疾病做出判断.探针必须是只与目标DNA序列杂交的高度特异性的DNA(或RNA)片段.基因组中碱基的变化可能导致限制酶酶切位点的消失或新的酶切位点的出现,从而使限制酶酶解荻得的限制性片段(RF)的长度和数目发生改变.根据RF与探针杂交后的图谱可进行产前诊断.
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