20世纪60年代初期,中国从“大跃进”的热潮陷入了经济困境,不得已进行了大规模的城镇人口精简。中央机关的精简则开其先声,以“反官僚主义”开始的精简在巨大的经济困难面前逐渐让位于以调整劳动力为目标,最后又与新开展的“五反”运动合流。在此过程中,精简的指标不断调高,措施也更加严厉。经过艰苦努力,中央机关的精简任务最终完成。虽然人员的精简效果明显,但机构的精简却成效不大。精简过程中隐含的政治与经济、干部与群众之间的冲突,成为影响20世纪60年代中国政治走向的重要因素。 In the early 1960s, China was plunged into an economic predicament from the craze of “Great Leap Forward” and forced a massive stream of urban population. The streamlining of the central government takes the lead and the streamlining of “anti-bureaucracy” gradually gives way to the adjustment of the labor force and finally the new “Five-opposition” movement in the face of tremendous economic hardship confluence. In the process, streamlined indicators are constantly being raised and measures are tougher. After painstaking efforts, the streamlining of the central government was finally completed. Although the staff’s streamlining effect is obvious, the streamlining of the organization has achieved little success. The implicit politics and economy in the process of simplification and the conflicts between cadres and the masses have become important factors that influence the political trend in China in the 1960s.